Preventive Oncology and Diagnostic Cancer

Advanced Imaging and Radiomics in Early Cancer Detection

Advanced imaging technologies, combined with radiomics and computational analysis, are transforming the early detection of cancer by extracting detailed quantitative information from medical images that goes beyond conventional interpretation. This session explores how modalities such as low-dose computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and hybrid imaging systems can identify subtle morphological, functional, and metabolic changes indicative of early malignancy. Radiomics leverages high-dimensional data extracted from imaging—such as texture, shape, intensity, and spatial relationships—to uncover patterns that correlate with tumor biology, genetic alterations, and clinical outcomes. Machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms enhance the ability to detect small lesions, differentiate benign from malignant findings, and predict tumor aggressiveness, improving both sensitivity and specificity in screening programs. Integration with multi-omics datasets, including genomics and proteomics, facilitates comprehensive risk assessment and individualized diagnostic pathways. The session also highlights the role of image-guided biopsy, interventional radiology, and longitudinal imaging for monitoring precancerous lesions and treatment response. Quality assurance, standardization of imaging protocols, reproducibility of radiomic features, and validation in multi-center studies are emphasized to ensure clinical utility. Ethical considerations, including patient consent, radiation exposure, incidental findings, and equitable access to advanced imaging, are addressed as part of responsible implementation. Challenges such as data storage, interoperability with electronic health records, and the need for trained multidisciplinary teams are discussed alongside potential solutions. By combining cutting-edge imaging technology with computational analysis, radiomics provides a powerful tool for early cancer detection, enabling personalized surveillance, minimizing invasive procedures, and supporting proactive preventive oncology strategies that improve patient outcomes and optimize healthcare resources.