4^thAnnual Conference on Preventive Oncology July 18-19, 2018 Atlanta, USA

Preventive oncology is any measure that is taken to prevent development or progression of malignant process. Around one third of cancer deaths are due to the five leading behavioral and dietary risks: high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use, and one half of all cancer cases either arise from modifiable risk factors or can be detected as precursor lesions before the development of disease with metastatic potential.

 Prevention of cancer can take place on several different levels: primary prevention addresses the cause of cancer so disease does not occur, secondary prevention identifies disease before the onset of symptoms and keeps it from becoming more extensive, and tertiary prevention reduces complications and progression of disease once it has become clinically apparent. 

The branch of Oncology dealing with Radiation therapy is termed as Radiation Oncology. The Radiotherapy is broadly segmented into Teleradiotherapy, Brachy-radiotherapy and Metabolic Radiotherapy. Tele-radiotherapy, also called as External transcutaneous / distant radiotherapy, is a method in which the radiation source is situated at a certain distance from the tissue to be treated. Brachytherapy, also termed as Short direct radiotherapy /Curitherapy, is a method in which radiation source can be placed in contact with the tumor or it can be implanted in the tumor. Curative radiotherapy is indicated to be used in: Sticker’s sarcoma, Mastocytomas with particular locations, such as ears, nose, extremities, eyelids; Nasal cavity adenocarcinoma and Anal gland adenocarcinoma. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a single-day procedure for treating small intracranial lesions. Metabolic radiotherapy represents the administration of isotopes or isotope carrying molecules that selectively concentrate in a certain tissue into which they enter as metabolites. For Example; iodine-131is used in treating Thyroid cancer; phosphorus-32 is used in treating Myeloproliferative disorders.

The branch of medication that arrangements with the conclusion and treatment of harm, disfigurement, and infection by the utilization of instruments. Immature microorganism treatment is the utilization of undifferentiated cells to treat or keep an illness or condition. Undifferentiated organisms have colossal guarantee to help us comprehend and treat a scope of illnesses, wounds and other wellbeing related conditions. Their potential is apparent in the utilization of blood undifferentiated organisms to treat ailments of the blood, a treatment that has spared the lives of a great many youngsters with leukemia; and can be found in the utilization of undeveloped cells for tissue unions to treat infections or harm deep down, skin and surface of the eye. Some bone, skin and corneal (eye) wounds and infections can be dealt with by uniting or embedding tissues, and the mending procedure depends on undifferentiated organisms inside this embedded tissue. A bone marrow transplant is a system to supplant harmed or wrecked bone marrow with solid bone marrow undeveloped cells. 

Anticancer medications are utilized to treat malignancies, or dangerous developments. Drug treatment might be utilized alone, or in mix with different medicines, for example, surgery or radiation treatment Anti-malignancy medications are utilized to control the development of carcinogenic cells. Malignancy is normally characterized as the uncontrolled development of cells, with loss of separation and ordinarily, with metastasis, spread of the growth to different tissues and organs. Tumors are threatening developments. Interestingly, benevolent developments remain embodied and develop inside a very much characterized region. Albeit kind tumors might be lethal if untreated, because of weight on key organs, as on account of an amiable mind tumor, surgery or radiation are the favored techniques for treating developments which have a very much characterized area. Anticancer medications are utilized when the tumor has spread, or may spread, to all regions of the body.

A hematologic-oncology is the study that involves in the diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of blood diseases and cancers such as iron-deficiency anemia, hemophilia, sickle-cell disease, leukemia and lymphoma. This physician is trained in hematology — the study of blood — and oncology — the study of cancer. Hematologist-oncologists do not usually treat operable cancers such as prostate cancer, but specialize in treating blood cancers, such as Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphomas, leukemias and multiple myelomas. A hematologist-oncologist may also specialize in the management of solid tumors.

Hematologist-oncologists often work closely with colleagues from other departments including: radiation-oncology, surgery, radiology and pathology. Other associated specialties include infectious disease, pain medicine and psychology.

Hematologists also conduct studies in oncology and work with oncologists, people who may specialize only in that field instead of both-the medical treatment of cancer. There are various disorders that people are affected by hematology. A few of these different types of blood conditions that are looked at include anemia, hemophilia, general blood clots, bleeding disorders, etc. As for related blood cancers such as leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma, these are more serious cases that need to be diagnosed

• Myeloma
• Myelodysplastic syndromes
• Multiple Myeloma
• Leukaemia
• Lymphoma

Cancer Diagnostic testing involves tests and procedures to confirm the presence of disease and identify the correct tumor type, location, extent and stage. At Cancer Treatment Centres. We use sophisticated diagnostic technology to pinpoint and evaluate tumors, and develop a personalized treatment plan. Some cancers are diagnosed during routine screening examinations. These are usually tests that are routinely done at a certain age. Many cancers are discovered when you present to your health care professional with specific symptoms.sonalized medicine.

Molecular and Cellular Oncology's main goal is to improve essential exploration incredibleness by setting up a solid examination bunch concentrated on the sub-atomic and cell parts of growth exploration, especially in sub-atomic and cell flagging pathways for tumor movement and metastasis; to upgrade translational exploration for advancement of focused malignancy treatments; to improve instructive projects for cutting edge researchers.

The most recent energizing examination leap forward for disease treatment is in the field of immuno-oncology. This type of treatment uses or upgrades the patient's own particular insusceptible framework to have the capacity to stop the development of malignancy cells.

The insusceptible framework is the body's common barrier framework. It is an accumulation of organs, cells and exceptional atoms that shields you from contaminations, tumor and different maladies. At the point when an alternate (remote) life form goes into the body, for instance a microscopic organisms, the resistant framework remembers it and after that assaults it, keeping it from creating hurt. This procedure is called an insusceptible reaction. Since malignancy cells are altogether different from typical cells in the body, the resistant framework assaults them when it can remember them. Notwithstanding, disease cells regularly discover approaches to mask themselves as typical cells, so that the safe framework does not generally remember them as unsafe. What's more, like infections, they can change after some time (transform) and hence escape from the insusceptible reaction. Additionally, the characteristic safe reaction to disease cells is frequently not sufficiently solid to battle off growth cells. Immuno-oncology treatments enact our insusceptible framework, making it ready to perceive growth cells and decimate them.

A prognosis is the doctor's best estimate of how cancer will affect a person. Many factors can affect a person's prognosis. Survival statistics are one tool that doctors use to develop a prognosis for a person with cancer. Doctors often look at studies that measure survival for a particular type of cancer, stage or risk group, when developing a prognosis.

There are different types of cancer survival statistics and different ways to measure and report survival. In general, survival is the proportion of people with cancer who are alive at some point in time (such as 1, 3, 5 or 10 years) after their diagnosis. 

Gynecologic oncology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Cancer of the female reproductive tract also includes the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and vagina. The specialists in this do have extensive training in the diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. By the Aggressive exploitation of operative laparoscopy, even only for selected patients, into the surgical practice of a gynecologic oncology service demonstrates significant improvements in LOS (laparoscopy on length of stay) without adversely affecting surgical complication rates based on different types of cancers. Cervical cancer Endometrial/uterine cancer Gestational trophoblastic disease Ovarian cancer- including fallopian tube, peritoneal, germ cell, and stromal cell Vaginal cancer Vulvar cancer.

Pediatic Oncology is a branch of medicine which deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean "healer of children"; they derive from two Greek words: pais "child" and iatros "doctor, healer". The age limit, from birth up to 18-21 yrs. Pediatricians work both in primary care physicians and hospitals, especially they works in a specialized subfields such as neonatology. Paediatric oncologists diagnose, treat, and manage children, suffering from cancers which include leukaemia, lymphomas, brain tumours, bone tumours, and solid tumors. A medical practitioner who specializes in this area is called as a paediatrician. The body of an infant or neonate is substantially physiologically different when compare to an adult. Congenital defects, genetic variance and developmental issues are some greater concern to paediatricians as compare to adult physicians.

Bone marrow transplantation is the strategy to supplant harmed bone marrow cells with solid bone marrow cells of the same individual or in another good individual to reestablish the ordinary generation of platelets. It is otherwise called Hematopoietic undifferentiated organism transplantation (HSCT). It is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic undifferentiated cells, typically got from bone marrow, fringe blood, or umbilical line blood. It might be autologous (the patient's own particular foundational microorganisms are utilized), allogeneic (the immature microorganisms originate from a giver) or syngeneic ( from an indistinguishable twin ). It is a restorative strategy in the field of hematology, frequently performed for patients with specific malignancies of the blood or bone marrow, for example, numerous myeloma or leukemia. In these cases, the beneficiary's safe framework is typically demolished with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Contamination and joining versus-host malady are real entanglements of allogeneic HSCT.

Medical imaging is the method and procedure of making visual representations of the inside of a body for clinical examination and therapeutic intercession, and additionally visual representation of the capacity of a few organs or tissues. Therapeutic imaging tries to uncover interior structures covered up by the skin and bones, and additionally to analyse and treat malady. Medicinal imaging likewise builds up a database of ordinary life structures and physiology to make it conceivable to distinguish variations from the norm. In spite of the fact that imaging of expelled organs and tissues can be performed for medicinal reasons, such methodology is typically considered a portion of pathology rather than restorative imaging.

A biomarker, or biological marker, generally refers to a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. The term is also occasionally used to refer to a substance the presence of which indicates the existence of a living organism. Further, life forms are known to shed unique chemicals, including DNA, into the environment as evidence of their presence in a particular location. Biomarker is a characteristic diagnostic tool that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers can be molecules, or genes, gene products, enzymes, or hormones referred as protein biomarkers, analytical biomarkers, blood biomarkers, fluorescent biomarkers, circulating biomarkers and molecular biomarkers to quantify the degree of disease condition.Role of biomarkers in cancer research and medicine.

Malignancy has a differentiated nature in connection to the organ specificity. The essential center is on heterogeneity, starting point, metastasis, angiogenesis and organ indicated systems in disease cells. There are diverse sorts of diseases taking into account area of tumor in the body organ. Organ-particular metastasis includes disease cell collaborations with the host microenvironment, including actuation of paracrine cytokine circles, change of the host cell sythesis, and modification of extracellular framework structures. Resistant cell avoidance, relationship with a strong specialty, and the capacity to open up survival pathways, frequently accomplished through association with the stroma, are vital for fruitful metastatic colonization.

Oncogenomics is a relatively new sub-field of genomics that applies high throughput technologies to characterize genes associated with cancer. The study involves the research in to the Bioinformatics and functional analysis of oncogenes, which refers to the gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels. Cancer genome sequencing requires the development of new techniques utilizing Genomics and bioinformatics tools for target assessment, including both experimental protocols and data analysis algorithms, to enable a deeper understanding of complex biological systems.

Metabolomics is a newborn cousin to genomics and proteomics. Specifically, metabolomics involves the rapid, high throughput characterization of the small molecule metabolites found in an organism. The metabolome is closely tied to the genotype of an organism, its physiology and its environment (what the organism eats or breathes), metabolomics offers a unique opportunity to look at genotype-phenotype as well as.

Carcinoma is a sort of cancer that develops from epithelial cells. In particular, a carcinoma is a malignancy that starts in a tissue that lines the internal or external surfaces of the body, and that generally arises from cells developing in the endodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis. Carcinomas occur when the DNA of a cell is damaged or changed and the cell starts to develop wildly and get to be distinctly threatening. There are large numbers of rare sub types of anaplastic, undifferentiated carcinoma. Some of the more well-known cancers includes the lesions containing pseudo-sarcomatous segments: spindle cell carcinoma (containing prolonged cells resembling connective tissue malignancies), giant cell carcinoma (containing gigantic, peculiar, multinucleated cells), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (blends of shaft and monster cell carcinoma).

Oncology is a standout amongst the most Focused zone in Cancer Treatments.For an Oncologist or Oncology Nurse, to locate an appropriate words to cheer a man who enduring with sickness. The specific medical caretaker is an enrolled nurture whose essential concentration in tumor mind.The advanced Oncology Nurse is master’s prepared nurse with learning and capacity in a range of malignancy nursing. All medical caretakers move along a way from learners to master. It is perceived that, paying little respect to regardless of the possibility that a generalist, specific oncology or propelled Oncology Nurse, every individual medical attendant will encounter this way from amateurs to master.

As the researchers learn more about cancer, they’re developing new therapies that target particular types of tumor cells and restrict their growth. Blood carcinoma  is one of the major cancer that affect mainly blood, bone marrow, lymph and lymphatic system for treating this recent techniques have been discovered  by the researchers through targeting the tumor and restrict their growth. On their own or in combination with other alternative treatments, these therapies can decrease the size of tumors and symptoms. Some innovative therapies give hope for people with cancers that have been resistant to more treatments.

There are different stages of the cancer like Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3 and Stage 4. The Oncology Conference delivers practical ideas, solutions, and strategies to implement in cancer program today. This advance also speaks to the importance of value in cancer care. Value is a major focus for ASCO, because clinical benefit, toxicity, and cost must all be factored into shared decision making to determine the best treatment options for patients. ASCO is working to develop a physician-guided tool that will help patients evaluate new treatment options such as those highlighted in this report.

Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active molecules (drugs).

Compounds used as medicines are most often organic compounds, which are often divided into the broad classes of small organic molecules (e.g., atorvastatin, fluticasone,clopidogrel) and "biologics" (infliximab, erythropoietin, insulin glargine), the latter of which are most often medicinal preparations of proteins (natural and recombinant antibodies, hormones, etc.). Inorganic and organometallic compounds are also useful as drugs (e.g., lithium and platinum-based agents such as lithium carbonate and cis-platin as well asgallium).

Medical physics (also called biomedical physics, medical biophysics or applied physics in medicine) is, generally speaking, the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine or healthcare. Medical physics departments may be found in hospitals or universities.

In the case of hospital work, the term 'Medical Physicist' is the title of a specific healthcare profession with a specific mission statement. Such Medical Physicists are often found in the following healthcare specialties: 

Nano-oncology, the application of Nanomedicine to cancer diagnosis and treatment, has the potential to transform clinical oncology by enhancing the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy for a wide spectrum of invasive cancers. It achieves this by enabling novel drug delivery systems which target the tumour site with several functional molecules, including tumour-specific ligands, antibodies, cytotoxic agents, and imaging probes simultaneously thereby improving tumour response rates in addition to significant reduction of the systemic toxicity associated with current chemotherapy regimens. For this reason, nano-oncology is attracting considerable scientific interest and a growing investment by the global pharmaceutical industry. Several therapeutic nano-carriers have been approved for clinical use and others are undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. This paper describes the current approved formulations, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, and discusses the overall present status of nano-oncology as an emerging branch of nanomedicine and its future perspectives in cancer and therapy.